📘 What is in the "Big Beautiful Bill" (H.R.1) – A Fact Sheet

The so-called Big Beautiful Bill (BBB) is a sweeping $5 trillion legislative package that reshapes federal spending priorities—from taxes and healthcare to education, immigration, and democratic norms. It represents the largest redistribution of wealth from the poor to the rich in the history of the United States and is expected to add $3.3 trillion to the national debt.

📉 Fiscal Impact

• Raises national debt ceiling by $5 trillion

• CBO projects total cost exceeding $6 trillion over 10 years

• Major social safety net and education programs face long-term funding pressure

💰 Tax Policy

• Permanent Tax Cuts for corporations and high-income earners

• Temporary Tax Breaks (expire after 2028):

  • No federal tax on up to $25,000 in tipped income

  • Up to $12,500 deduction for overtime pay

  • Senior bonus deduction of $6,000 ($12,000 for couples)

  • Auto loan interest deduction for qualifying new U.S.-assembled vehicles

• Estate Tax Exemption raised to $15M (single) / $30M (joint)

🩺 Healthcare & Nutrition

• Medicaid Cuts: ~$800B over 10 years

  • Work requirement: 80 hours/month starting 2029

  • Twice-yearly eligibility re-verification increases paperwork

  • Property limit: ineligible if home value exceeds $1M

• SNAP: Expanded work requirements; cost-shifting to states

• Rural Health Transformation Program: $50B over 5 years; only off-sets ~1/3 of rural Medicaid cuts

  
  

🎓 Education & Student Loans

• Eliminates Grad PLUS loans

• Caps graduate/professional school borrowing

• Replaces SAVE & PAYE plans with Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP)

• Eliminates loan forgiveness for defrauded students

• Adds tax penalties on large university endowments

• Adds $20B in tax credits to support private voucher schools

🌲 Environment & Land Use

• Repeals clean energy tax credits (EVs, solar, upgrades)

• Opens public lands to expanded mining, drilling, and logging

• Reduces royalty rates for fossil fuel companies

🚨 Immigration & Border Security

• Expands ICE’s budget by 265% over its current budget, including: 

  • Adds $45B for border wall and detention expansion

  • Adds asylum fees ($1,000+) and family reunification charges ($3,500)

  • Allows indefinite detention of immigrant children

  • Funds hiring of ~18,000 border and immigration officers

⚖️ Governance & Democratic Norms

• Blocks courts from enforcing contempt rulings

• Shields executive officials from consequences for defying court orders

• Ends IRS Direct File free tax tool

• Expands executive power to revoke nonprofit tax status